L-Glutathione
See Glutathione

Lutein
Zeaxanthin
MedoOp obtains the highest quality product available from Kemin, the world's largest manufacturer and distributor of lutein. MaxiVision Whole Body and Ocular Formula uses 20 mg of lutein starting with 200 mg of FloraGLO lutein at a 10% purity level leaving 20 mg of true bioavailable (readily absorbable for immediate utilization) lutein. The Lutein Formula contains 10 mg, and the Eye & Body and Eye Formula both contain 10 mg. Both lutein and zeaxanthin seem to reduce the risk of ARMD and protect overall eye health by at least two different routes.

First, both of these carotenoids are absorbed from the diet into the circulation and eventually end up concentrated specifically in the eye (in the macular region of the retina). It is interesting to note that lutein and zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids known to concentrate specifically in the eye tissues. The high levels of these carotenoids in the eye serve to protect tissues by minimizing free radical damage and by absorbing damaging blue light rays. It is thought that a low macular pigment density may increase the risk ARMD and cataracts (by allowing more damage from blue light).

One study has shown that dietary supplementation with lutein (30mg/day for 140 days) elevates serum lutein levels by 10 times, increases macular pigment density by 20-40% and reduces transmission of blue light to the eye's photoreceptors by 30-40%.

Another study showed that daily egg yolk consumption can increase plasma levels of lutein by 28-50% and zeaxanthin by 114-142%. A multi-center clinical study (Eye Disease Case-Control Study) compared 356 patients with advanced ARMD (aged 55-80 years) to 520 control subjects, finding that the risk for ARMD was reduced by over 40% by a high dietary intake of carotenoids. In particular, both lutein and zeaxanthin were strongly associated with a reduced risk for macular degeneration.

These 2 nutrients have been put together as a reminder that the 2 work together for optimum results. Each nutrient has its own purpose. Zeaxanthin is more prominent in the inner macula and protects the cone cells concentrated in the central retina and may be more effective in providing antioxidant protection to the fovea (center of the macula). Lutein dominates the peripheral retina and is important in protecting the rod cells in the peripheral retina. Lutein may be a more effective blue light filter.

There are no known adverse side effects associated with dietary supplements containing lutein or zeaxanthin when used at recommended levels. Most supplements should be taken with a meal to lessen the chance of causing stomach upset and to increase their digestion and absorption (bioavailability).

Lycopene
Found primarily in tomatoes, lycopene is a member of the carotenoid family, including beta-carotene and similar compounds found naturally in food and has potent antioxidant capabilities. Ongoing preliminary research suggests that lycopene is associated with reduced risk of macular degenerative disease, serum lipid oxidation and cancers of the lung, bladder, cervix and skin. Studies have included investigation of other potential benefits of lycopene - including the H.J. Heinz Company sponsored research at the University of Toronto and at the American Health Foundation. These studies will focus on lycopene's possible role in the fight against cancers of the digestive tract, breast and prostate cancer.